Oil burner



Oct. 12 1926.

B. KOOPMAN OIL BURNER Filed August 22, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 B. KOOPMAN 011, BURNER Filed August 22, 1923 2- Sheets-Sheet 2 I WHHI:

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Patented Oct. 12, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT oF icE- BARTOW KOOPMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO PARAMOUNT FUEL OIL BURNER 00., A CORPORATION OF NEW .YORK.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed August 22, 1923. serial No. 658,680.

My invention relates to oil burners adapted for burning the cheaper oil commonly known as fuel oil and gas oil, for heating purposes. WVhile the burner is not limited in its use, I have found it very effective for heating boilers such as are used in heatingplants for heating dwellings and other buildings. The present device is simple and eflicient and without great expense it may be applied to boilers at present equippedfor burning coal so that a change may be readily made for utilizing liquid fuel in place of coal. Not only is the liquid fuel economical for heating purposes but the present burner requires very little at tention as compared with a coal fire, and uniform temperatures may be maintained.

The device consists of a cone shaped oi'l container and gravity feed arrangement together with a cone shaped flame deflector and suitable means for supplying air to the flame and for easily regulating the proportion of air to provide for most eflicien-t operation.

In the drawings forming part of this ap plication,

Figure 1 is an elevation of my device showing the same partly in vertical section,

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure 1, and

Figure 4 is an elevation of the air shutter.

I have shown my burner placed in the lire chamber of an ordinary house steam boiler. The fire chamber 1 is surrounded by the water jacket 2 which is in communication with the large tank 3 extending upwardly from the heating plate 4 above the lire box. The burner as herein shown comprises a metal head 5 having a cylinder 6 extending downwardly therefrom and the whole device is adapted to be supported upon the coal grate or upon suitable supports upon which the extending plugs 7 may be bolted to the supports 42 by means of vertical bolts 43. The head has an annular flange 8 extending upwardly there from and seated in suitable slots 9 in this flange are the vertical posts 10 which support the deflector 11 at some distance above the head 5. This deflector 11 is flared upwardly and outwardly from the point 12 in more or less cone shape the outer edge 13 provide a number of outlet ports 19 for the liquid fuel to pass into the-tray 20. The

latter, which is shown as annular, and in-v clined downwardly from the ports 19, is provided with a number of upturned annular flanges 21, 22, 23, forming grooves 24 for holding the oil which flows out of the ports 19. These flanges are provided with slots 25 to permit the oil to flow from one groove 24 to another and in order to compel the oil to spread out through these grooves, I provide the slots 25 in the flange 21 at points remote from the slots in the flange 22. The lower flange 23 has no slot and if the oil flows above the edge of this flange it falls into the chamber 26 and some of it is held by the priming wick 27 which surrounds the lower part of the burner wall 1. The remainder accumulates in the chamber 26 and flows back through the pipe 27 into, a suitable receptacle, not shown, or to the res- 'ervoir from which the oil is being fed. It

will be understood, however, that when desired the grooved formation of the tray may be dispensed with and the oil during the initial operation which flows from the lateral ports 19, discharges into the combustion chamber 26. After a predetermined amount of oil accumulates within the combustion chamber 26 the valve 34 is closed to prevent a further ingress of the oil in the combustion chamber. The oil within the combustion chamber is then ignited and the necessary air to support combustion is provided by the air passage 39. The valve is thence again opened and oil permittedto flow through the fuel member 18. The burning of the oil in the combustion chamber serves to intensely heat the fuel member 17 and to thereby convert'the oil therein into gas so that a continued operation of the apparatus will result in a continuous flame at'the ports 19;

a. I. i

By forming the ports 19 laterally with respect to the vertical axis of the fuel member, there is less danger of the ports becoming clogged up with carbon or other extraneous impurities contained in the crude. oil. It

will be understood that at first the flame r vertical posts 30 depending from the head 5. The oil is fed from a reservoir 31 by gravity through the pipe to the connection 33 which admits the oil to the lower part of the chamber 18 and the feed of the oil is regulated bya needle valve Bel. Hesting on the lugs 35 on the head- 5 there is an annular ring 36 which has inclined resting edges 37 which rest upon the lugs 35' and this member also has oppositely disposed,

projecting ears 38 which may be engaged by asuitable tool for the purpose of turning the shutter member 36. By turning this shutter member around to the right or left it may be caused to rise or fall according to the portions of the inclined edges 37 which engage the lugs 35. This shutter member projects downwardly within the upwardly extending wall 28 and it is spaced therefrom to forman air passage 39 whereby the air, may pass around the top edge of the wall 28 thence under the bottom edge of the shutter 40 and thence upwardly around the tray member 20 where it commences to mix with the flame and provide oxygen to support combustion. The air entering in this man ner may be increased by adjusting the shutter to a higher position and it may be de creased by lowering the shutter to a lower position and in this manner the proportion of air may beregulated to suit the require ments of the particular fuel which is being burned. Below the plate 29 there is an inverted cone or head 41 in which air may rise upwardly through the tube 42 placed inside the hollow burner wall 16 and this air emerges at the point of the cone deflector and at the top of the burner so that it mixes with the interior of the annular shaped flame. This air also serves to provide a current which will assist in carrying the flame along the under side of the deflector.

0 12cm tion.

The wick 27 employed as a primer is lighted and the flame rises upwardly to ignite the oil on the tray 20. The needle, valve 34 is opened and the oil flows from the reservoir 31 through the pipe 32 into the chanr ber 18. It rises in this chamber to the up per and narrow portion where it flows out neoaees through the ports 19 onto the tray 20, filling the several grooves 2 1. When the oil is spread out on this tray the flame from the priming wick 2T ignites the oil and the flame rises upwardly, being combined with the air entering through the tube 42 and the flame is deflected by the deflector-11 outwardly and against the wall 1 1 of the boiler. The flame passes around the outer edge of the deflector and spreads across the plate l so that the water in the boiler is very rapidly raised to a point where steam is generated. After steam has been generated in the boiler the needle valve 3 1 will be regulated to maintain the desired-steam pressure in the boiler and no further attention need be given to regulation over considerable periods of time unless a change in weather conditions requires an increase or decrease of boiler temperature. lVhen the burner is in operation the shutter 10 may be regulated by turning itto the left or right for the purpose of increasing or decreasing the proportion of air supplied to the burner in order that the fuel will receive the proper propor tion of oxygen to support efiicient combustion. If at any time the oil is fed through the ports 19 upon the tray 20 faster than it is consumed in combustion, the excess oil will flow oil the tray 20 and fall into the chamber 26 where it is drawn off through the pipe 27.

As heretofore Stated, it is perhaps the preferred manner of practicing the invention to permit oil to initially descend to the combustion chamber 26 and to, be fired therefrom; thereafter to again open the valve to permit oil to enter the space 18 where it is converted into gas by the burning of the fuel from the combustion chamber with the result that there isa constantly dischargedv flame emitted from ports 19. The ports 19 are preferably protected by an annular plate 22, which for the purpose of description has been termed a tray. This term, hower p is used as a word of description and not of limitation and this element can be any kind of a deflector to prevent extinguishment of the weak flame emitting from ports 19 by the air passing around through the channelifih.

It will be apparent that the present device is very simple and rugged in construction and that it may be very marli placed in the fire boxes of steam boilers at present heated by coal fuels.

Having described my invention what I claim is,-

1. In an oil burner a member comprising walls forming an annular fuel chamber having outlets in its upper portion, an. annular plate arranged under said outlets and an air shutter comprising annular members sur rounding said member, one of said annular members being inverted in relation to the other and projecting downwardly therein,

tween them for the passage of air to the fuel member, and means for regulating one of said annular members to vary the extent to which one of the annular members pro- 1 jects within the other.

3. In an oil burner a member comprising walls forming an annular fuel chamber having outlets in its upper portion, an annular plate arranged below said outlets, means forming an oil chamber around said member below said tray and including an upwardly extending flange forming part of an air shutter, an inverted annular member surrounding said fuel member and extending within said first flange and spaced apart laterally therefrom whereby air may enter by passing over said lower flange and under said'annular member and inclined supports for said annular member whereby the latter may be adjusted to extend varying distances within said lower flange.

4. In an oil burner a member comprising walls forming an annular fuel chamber having outlets in its upper portion, an annular plate arranged below said outlets, means forming an oil chamber around said member below said annular plate and including an upwardly extending flange forming part of an air shutter, an inverted annular member surrounding said fuel member and extending within said first flange and spaced apart laterally therefrom whereby air may enter by passing over said lower flange and under said annular member, inclined supports for said annular member whereby the latter may be adjusted to extend varying distances within said lower flange, said annular member having an inclined outer surface whereby the lateral space between said flange and said annular member will be varied as the height of the annular member is varied.

5. In an oil burner a member comprising annular walls forming an annular oil chamber having an opening therethrough for the passage of air, said chamber having lateral outlets inits upper portion, an anular plate arranged below said. latter outlets, and means forming an oil holding chamber around the bottom of said member whereby oil may be burned in said lower chamber for priming purposes to heat said fuel member.

7 6. In an oil burner a member comprising walls forming an annular chamber having outlet ports in its upper portion, an annular plate arranged below said outlets, means forming an oil chamber adjacent the bottom portion of said member and including an upturned flange, an annular member cooperating with said flange whereby said memiers extend one within the other in laterally spaced relation whereby air may pass over the edge of one of said members and under the edge of the other to the fuel member.

7. In an oil burner of the class described, a nozzle comprising walls forming an' annular fuel chamber having a lateral outlet at its upper portion, a deflector plate arranged under said outlet to prevent extinguishment of the flame emitting therefrom,

said nozzle having a central primary air.

supply, means for feeding a secondary supply of air to said fuel outlet, an air shutter for limiting the supply of the secondary air to the fuel outlet, and means for conveying oil to said fuel chamber.

8. In an oil burner of the character described, comprising a nozzle having walls forming an annular fuel chamber, lateral outlets in the upper portion of said fuel chamber, a deflector mounted upon said nozzle at a point below the outlets, a central air passage for said fuel nozzle for conveying a primary air supply thereto, means for feeding a secondary sup-ply of air to said fuel nozzle, and an air shutter associated with said nozzle and adapted to variably regulate the supply of secondary air to said fuel nozzle.

9. In an oil burner, a nozzle member comprising walls forming an annular fuel chamber having lateral outlets at its upper portion, a deflector element mounted upon said nozzle at a point below the outlets, an air shutter comprising annular members surrounding the fuel nozzle, said annular members being of different diameters whereby a space is formed between them for the passage of secondary air to the fuel member.

'10. In an oil burner, a nozzle member comprising Walls forming an annular fuel. chamber having lateral outlets at its upper portion, a deflector element mounted upon said nozzle at a point below the outlets, an air shutter comprising annular members surrounding the fuel nozzle, said annular members being of different diameters whereby a space is formed between them for the passage of secondary air to the fuel member, oneof said annular members being adjustable to variably control the supply of secondary air to said fuel member;

Signed atthe city, county and State of New York, this 31st day of July, 1923;

BARTOW KOOPMAN. 

